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Question #321

Which of the following should be determined FIRST when a new security vulnerability is made public?

A . Whether the affected technology is used within the organization
B . Whether the affected technology is Internet-facing
C . What mitigating controls are currently in place
D . How pervasive the vulnerability is within the organization

Question #322

Which of the following is MOST helpful to ensure effective security controls for a cloud service provider?

A . A control self-assessment
B . A third-party security assessment report
C . Internal audit reports from the vendor
D . Service level agreement monitoring

Richtige Antwort: B
B

Explanation:

A third-party security assessment report is the most helpful to ensure effective security controls for a cloud service provider, because it provides an independent and objective evaluation of the cloud provider’s security posture, policies, and practices. A third-party security assessment report can help to verify and validate the cloud provider’s compliance with the relevant standards, regulations, and best practices, such as ISO 27001, PCI DSS, NIST, or CSA. A third-party security assessment report can also help to identify and address any gaps, weaknesses, or vulnerabilities in the cloud provider’s security controls, and to provide recommendations and guidance for improvement. A third-party security assessment report can also help to increase the trust and confidence of the cloud customers, and to facilitate the due diligence and risk management processes. The other options are less helpful to ensure effective security controls for a cloud service provider. A control self-assessment is a process that enables the cloud provider to assess its own security controls, using a predefined framework or questionnaire. However, a control self-assessment may not be as reliable or comprehensive as a third-party security assessment report, as it may be biased, incomplete, or inaccurate, and it may not cover all the aspects or dimensions of security. Internal audit reports from the vendor are documents that provide the results and findings of the internal audits conducted by the cloud provider’s own auditors, to verify and validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the security controls. However, internal audit reports from the vendor may not be as credible or trustworthy as a third-party security assessment report, as they may be influenced by the cloud provider’s interests, objectives, or agenda, and they may not follow the same standards or criteria as the external auditors. Service level agreement monitoring is a process that measures and evaluates the performance and availability of the cloud services, based on the predefined metrics and targets agreed between the cloud provider and the cloud customer. However, service level agreement monitoring may not be sufficient or relevant to ensure effective security controls for a cloud service provider, as it may not address the security aspects or requirements of the cloud services, such as confidentiality, integrity, or accountability, and it may not reflect the actual security risks or incidents that may occur in the cloud environment.

Reference: = Cloud Security Controls: Key Elements and 4 Control Frameworks 1

Question #323

Which of the following should be management’s PRIMARY focus when key risk indicators (KRIs) begin to rapidly approach defined thresholds?

A . Designing compensating controls
B . Determining if KRIs have been updated recently
C . Assessing the effectiveness of the incident response plan
D . Determining what has changed in the environment

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Question #324

Which of the following is MOST helpful in identifying gaps between the current and desired state of the IT risk environment?

A . Analyzing risk appetite and tolerance levels
B . Assessing identified risk and recording results in the risk register
C . Evaluating risk scenarios and assessing current controls
D . Reviewing guidance from industry best practices and standards

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Richtige Antwort: C
C

Explanation:

Evaluating risk scenarios and assessing current controls is the most helpful in identifying gaps between the current and desired state of the IT risk environment, because it allows the risk practitioner to compare the actual and expected outcomes of the IT processes and activities under different situations. A risk scenario is a hypothetical situation that describes a possible event or sequence of events that may affect the IT objectives and performance. A risk scenario can be based on various factors, such as the sources of risk, the risk drivers, the risk events, the risk impacts, and the risk responses. A risk scenario can also include the likelihood and severity of the risk, as well as the assumptions and uncertainties involved. Evaluating risk scenarios helps the risk practitioner to understand the nature and extent of the IT risks, as well as the potential consequences and opportunities that may arise from them. Assessing current controls is the process of examining and testing the existing controls that are implemented to manage the IT risks. A control is a measure or action that reduces the likelihood or impact of a risk, or enhances the benefits or opportunities of a risk. Assessing current controls helps the risk practitioner to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the controls, as well as their alignment with the IT objectives and requirements. By evaluating risk scenarios and assessing current controls, the risk practitioner can identify the gaps between the current and desired state of the IT risk environment. The gaps can be related to the following aspects: – The IT objectives and performance: The gaps can indicate the difference between the actual and expected results of the IT processes and activities, as well as the deviation from the IT goals and targets. – The IT risk exposure and appetite: The gaps can indicate the difference between the actual and acceptable level of risk that the organization faces or is willing to take in pursuit of the IT objectives. – The IT risk management process and practices: The gaps can indicate the difference between the actual and expected performance of the IT risk management process, as well as the compliance with the IT risk management policies and standards. – The IT risk culture and awareness: The gaps can indicate the difference between the actual and desired level of risk awareness, understanding, and communication among the IT stakeholders, as well as the alignment with the organizational values and culture. Identifying the gaps between the current and desired state of the IT risk environment is important for the risk practitioner, as it can help to prioritize and address the IT risks, as well as to improve and optimize the IT risk management process and practices.

Reference: = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 2: IT Risk Assessment, Section 2.3: Risk Scenarios, pp. 63-681

Question #325

Which of the following should be the GREATEST concern for an organization that uses open source software applications?

A . Lack of organizational policy regarding open source software
B . Lack of reliability associated with the use of open source software
C . Lack of monitoring over installation of open source software in the organization
D . Lack of professional support for open source software

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Question #326

Which of the following is the BEST way to protect sensitive data from administrators within a public

cloud?

A . Use an encrypted tunnel lo connect to the cloud.
B . Encrypt the data in the cloud database.
C . Encrypt physical hard drives within the cloud.
D . Encrypt data before it leaves the organization.

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Question #327

Which of the following controls are BEST strengthened by a clear organizational code of ethics?

A . Detective controls
B . Administrative controls
C . Technical controls
D . Preventive controls

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Question #328

An organization needs to send files to a business partner to perform a quality control audit on the organization’s record-keeping processes. The files include personal information on the organization’s customers.

Which of the following is the BEST recommendation to mitigate privacy risk?

A . Obfuscate the customers’ personal information.
B . Require the business partner to delete personal information following the audit.
C . Use a secure channel to transmit the files.
D . Ensure the contract includes provisions for sharing personal information.

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Question #329

When reporting risk assessment results to senior management, which of the following is MOST important to include to enable risk-based decision making?

A . Risk action plans and associated owners
B . Recent audit and self-assessment results
C . Potential losses compared to treatment cost
D . A list of assets exposed to the highest risk

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Richtige Antwort: C
C

Explanation:

When reporting risk assessment results to senior management, the most important information to include to enable risk-based decision making is the potential losses compared to treatment cost. This information helps to quantify the impact and likelihood of the risks, and to evaluate the cost and benefit of the risk responses. This information also helps to prioritize and allocate resources for the risk management program, and to align the risk management program with the enterprise’s objectives, strategy, and risk appetite. The other options are not as important as the potential losses compared to treatment cost, as they provide different types of information for the risk management process:

Risk action plans and associated owners are the documents that specify the actions to be taken to address the identified risks, the resources required, the timelines, the owners, and the expected outcomes. This information helps to implement and monitor the risk management program, and to assign the authority and accountability for the risk management activities.

Recent audit and self-assessment results are the outcomes of the independent and objective examination of the risk management program, such as by internal or external auditors, or by the risk owners or practitioners themselves. This information helps to provide assurance and feedback on the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk management program, and to identify the gaps or weaknesses that need to be addressed.

A list of assets exposed to the highest risk are the resources that have the most value for the enterprise, such as hardware, software, data, or services, and that are affected by or contribute to the highest risks. This information helps to identify and protect the critical assets of the enterprise, and to reduce the exposure and impact of the risks to the assets.

Reference: = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 2, Section 2.3.1.1, pp. 58-59.

Question #330

The MOST important reason to monitor key risk indicators (KRIs) is to help management:

A . identity early risk transfer strategies.
B . lessen the impact of realized risk.
C . analyze the chain of risk events.
D . identify the root cause of risk events.

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Richtige Antwort: B
B

Explanation:

Key risk indicators (KRIs) are metrics used by organizations to monitor and assess potential risks that may impact their objectives and performance. KRIs also provide early warning signals that help organizations identify, analyze, and address risks before they escalate into significant issues1. The most important reason to monitor KRIs is to help management lessen the impact of realized risk, which is the actual or expected negative consequence of a risk event2. By monitoring KRIs, management can gain insight into the current and emerging risk exposures and trends, and evaluate their alignment with the organization’s risk appetite and tolerance3. This enables management to make informed and timely decisions and actions to mitigate or eliminate the risks, and to allocate resources and prioritize efforts where they are most needed. By lessening the impact of realized risk, management can also protect and enhance the organization’s reputation, performance, and value. Identifying early risk transfer strategies, analyzing the chain of risk events, and identifying the root cause of risk events are not the most important reasons to monitor KRIs, as they do not provide the same level of benefit and value as lessening the impact of realized risk. Identifying early risk transfer strategies is a process that involves finding and implementing ways to shift or share the risk or its impact to another party, such as through insurance, outsourcing, or hedging4. Identifying early risk transfer strategies can help to reduce the organization’s risk exposure and liability, but it does not necessarily lessen the impact of realized risk, as the risk or its impact may still occur or affect the organization indirectly. Analyzing the chain of risk events is a process that involves tracing and understanding the sequence and interconnection of the risk events that lead to a specific outcome or consequence5. Analyzing the chain of risk events can help to identify and address the root causes and contributing factors of the risk events, but it does not necessarily lessen the impact of realized risk, as the outcome or consequence may have already occurred or be unavoidable. Identifying the root cause of risk events is a process that involves finding and determining the underlying or fundamental source or reason of the risk events. Identifying the root cause of risk events can help to prevent or correct the recurrence or escalation of the risk events, but it does not necessarily lessen the impact of realized risk, as the impact may have already happened or be irreversible.

Reference: = 1: Key Risk Indicators: A Practical Guide | SafetyCulture2: Risk Impact C an overview | ScienceDirect Topics3: KRI Framework for Operational Risk Management | Workiva4: Risk Transfer – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics5: Event Chain Methodology – Wikipedia: [Root Cause Analysis – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics]: [Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 4: Risk and Control Monitoring and Reporting, Section 4.1: Key Risk Indicators, pp. 181-185.]